Adaptive sine-multitaper power spectral density estimation in R
We have published a paper in Computers & Geosciences (here) to accompany this software; it describes the theory behind the estimation process, and how we apply it in practice.
View the Project on
CRANpsd
or on
GitHubabarbour/psd
which can be download as a zipball or tarball:
This is an R
package for computing univariate power spectral density
estimates with little or no tuning effort.
We employ sine multitapers, allowing the number to vary with frequency
in order to reduce mean square error, the sum of squared bias and
variance, at each point. The approximate criterion of
Riedel and Sidorenko (1995)
is modified to prevent runaway averaging that otherwise occurs when
the curvature of the spectrum goes to zero. An iterative procedure
refines the number of tapers employed at each frequency. The resultant
power spectra possess significantly lower variances
than those of traditional, non-adaptive estimators. The sine tapers also provide
useful spectral leakage suppression. Resolution and uncertainty can
be estimated from the number of degrees of freedom (twice the number
of tapers).
This technique is particularly suited to long time series, because it demands only one numerical Fourier transform, and requires no costly additional computation of taper functions, like the Slepian functions. It also avoids the degradation of the low-frequency performance associated with record segmentation in Welch's method. Above all, the adaptive process relieves the user of the need to set a tuning parameter, such as time-bandwidth product or segment length, that fixes frequency resolution for the entire frequency interval; instead it provides frequency-dependent spectral resolution tailored to the shape of the spectrum itself.
psd
elegantly handles
spectra with large dynamic range and mixed-bandwidth features|features
typically found in geophysical datasets.
Firstly you'll need to install the package and it's dependencies
from CRAN
(from within the R
environment):
install.packages("psd", dependencies=TRUE)
then load the package library
library(psd)
We have included a dataset to play with, named Tohoku
, which represents
recordings of
high-frequency borehole strainmeter data during
teleseismic waves from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku
earthquake (source).
Access and inspect these data with:
data(Tohoku)
print(str(Tohoku))
The 'preseismic' data has interesting spectral features, so we subset it, and use the areal strain (the change in borehole diameter):
Dat <- subset(Tohoku, epoch=="preseismic")
Areal <- ts(Dat$areal)
For the purposes of spectral estimation, we remove a linear trend:
Dat <- prewhiten(Areal, plot=FALSE)
Now we can calculate the adaptive PSD:
mtpsd <- pspectrum(Dat$prew_lm, plot=TRUE)
print(class(mtpsd))
We can visualize the spectrum with built-in methods:
plot(mtpsd, log="dB")
and the spectral uncertainty:
sprop <- spectral_properties(mtpsd)
Ntap <- sprop$taper/max(sprop$taper)
plot(Ntap, type="h", ylim=c(0,2), col="dark grey")
lines(sprop$stderr.chi.lower)
lines(sprop$stderr.chi.upper)
Should you wish to install the development version
of this software, the
devtools
library
will be useful:
install.packages("devtools", dependencies=TRUE)
library(devtools)
install_github("psd", username = "abarbour")